Necessity has always been a mother of invention in the history of mankind. Since ancient period, inventors made the world more fulfilling and comfortable with their new discoveries and inventions. Every new discovery captures the world with enthusiasm and new inventions raptures the desires of human beings. The discovery of two dimensional graphene and the promises it holds for the future can be another boon for mankind. I would like to share some of the latest scientific developed technology of graphene that I came across through scientific journals and websites.
Graphene a Carbon nanomaterials (having 10-9 in dimension) is a one atom thick planner sheet of Sp2 bonded carbon atom that are densely packed in a hexagonal (six side and angle)/honeycomb crystal (regular internal structure) lattice. (Regular periodic arrangement of atoms).
Graphene is a two dimensional, gaint, flat sheet of carbon atom which is only one-atom thick. It is a single layer peeled off from the graphite crystal. Graphene is discovered by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of United Kingdom in 2004. The discovery of grapheme is a great achievement after discovery of new allotropes of carbon like fullerenes (zero-dimensional) and nanotubes (one dimensional) during the past two and a half decades. Geim and Novoselov is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 for “groundbreaking experiments regarding the two dimensional material graphene.”
Graphene is obtained from Graphite (three dimensional allotropes of carbon). Graphite is the softest substances known. They are fairly sample to tear off and separate due to the atom are weakly held together. It is experiment that one milimetre of graphite consists of three million layers of graphene stacked pile up on top one after another. The black tip of pencil is the example of Grahite.
A single layer or monolayer Graphene can be extracted from graphite by using “micronachanical cleavage” technique. A thin flake of graphite can be rip off from larger pieces of graphite by using adhesive tap. A thin flake is converted into its oxides in an aqueous solution and again added oxygen based chemical group. In doing so graphite is completely separate into a single sheet due to excess negative charge oxygen based chemical group which make it repel each other.
Its unique properties : Graphene are fairly easy to make and also quite stable - their bonds are flexible which allowed the web to stretch by upto 20% of its original size. The lattice also enables electrons to travel long distance without any disturbance in graphene. Graphene is a good conductor- the electron in graphene behaves like a particle of light comparing to normal conductor, their electrons often bounces which weakens the performance of conductor. But in grapheme the electrons a traveling in a high speed of about one million meters per seconds as if they have no mass at all. Graphene are very strong- graphene is much stronger than steel and so also very much stretchable. They are transparent and soo dense that even the Helium atom, which is the smallest atom cannot pass through it.
The graphene component could be packed on a chip more tightly then silicon due to its smaller atomic size and believe to be substantially faster in electronic application. The demand of the grapheme become more and more while the largest production of graphene so far is only few rolls of 70cm wide sheets, which is folded on a silicon plate.
Senario: Further the new era of technology of graphene in electronics that will lead to computer becoming even more efficient. A paper thin transparent graphene computer monitors that can be rolled up and carried in a hand bag are awaited for tomorrow’s consumer electronics. Graphene are also expected to replace heavy copper wires in the aerospace sector. Graphene is used in electron microscopy- due to its thinnest and a very strong bond between carbon atom which enable us to hold micro and nanoscopic object we wish to look in an electron microscope (eg. DNA, nanoparticle). Graphene can also be used in Gas sensors – a sensitive to a single atom or molecule, Inert coatings – for their resistance to attack by many powerful acids and alkalies, to develop flexible sensor display and solar batteries and can also be used as a sensor for detecting separate chemical substance molecules and many more.
The author can be reached at: jatak10@gmail.com
Graphene a Carbon nanomaterials (having 10-9 in dimension) is a one atom thick planner sheet of Sp2 bonded carbon atom that are densely packed in a hexagonal (six side and angle)/honeycomb crystal (regular internal structure) lattice. (Regular periodic arrangement of atoms).
Graphene is a two dimensional, gaint, flat sheet of carbon atom which is only one-atom thick. It is a single layer peeled off from the graphite crystal. Graphene is discovered by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of United Kingdom in 2004. The discovery of grapheme is a great achievement after discovery of new allotropes of carbon like fullerenes (zero-dimensional) and nanotubes (one dimensional) during the past two and a half decades. Geim and Novoselov is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 for “groundbreaking experiments regarding the two dimensional material graphene.”
Graphene is obtained from Graphite (three dimensional allotropes of carbon). Graphite is the softest substances known. They are fairly sample to tear off and separate due to the atom are weakly held together. It is experiment that one milimetre of graphite consists of three million layers of graphene stacked pile up on top one after another. The black tip of pencil is the example of Grahite.
A single layer or monolayer Graphene can be extracted from graphite by using “micronachanical cleavage” technique. A thin flake of graphite can be rip off from larger pieces of graphite by using adhesive tap. A thin flake is converted into its oxides in an aqueous solution and again added oxygen based chemical group. In doing so graphite is completely separate into a single sheet due to excess negative charge oxygen based chemical group which make it repel each other.
Its unique properties : Graphene are fairly easy to make and also quite stable - their bonds are flexible which allowed the web to stretch by upto 20% of its original size. The lattice also enables electrons to travel long distance without any disturbance in graphene. Graphene is a good conductor- the electron in graphene behaves like a particle of light comparing to normal conductor, their electrons often bounces which weakens the performance of conductor. But in grapheme the electrons a traveling in a high speed of about one million meters per seconds as if they have no mass at all. Graphene are very strong- graphene is much stronger than steel and so also very much stretchable. They are transparent and soo dense that even the Helium atom, which is the smallest atom cannot pass through it.
The graphene component could be packed on a chip more tightly then silicon due to its smaller atomic size and believe to be substantially faster in electronic application. The demand of the grapheme become more and more while the largest production of graphene so far is only few rolls of 70cm wide sheets, which is folded on a silicon plate.
Senario: Further the new era of technology of graphene in electronics that will lead to computer becoming even more efficient. A paper thin transparent graphene computer monitors that can be rolled up and carried in a hand bag are awaited for tomorrow’s consumer electronics. Graphene are also expected to replace heavy copper wires in the aerospace sector. Graphene is used in electron microscopy- due to its thinnest and a very strong bond between carbon atom which enable us to hold micro and nanoscopic object we wish to look in an electron microscope (eg. DNA, nanoparticle). Graphene can also be used in Gas sensors – a sensitive to a single atom or molecule, Inert coatings – for their resistance to attack by many powerful acids and alkalies, to develop flexible sensor display and solar batteries and can also be used as a sensor for detecting separate chemical substance molecules and many more.
The author can be reached at: jatak10@gmail.com
