It is a general reaction of animals to the action of harmful and most frequently infectious agents known as pyrogens. Pyrogen (exogenous or endogenous) disturbs the heat regulation mechanism resulting to elevation of body temperature regardless of the temperature of the external environment.
Fever increased the need of calorie since for every degree rise in body temperature there is an increase in the metabolic rate. Also decreases glycogen stores and decreased stores of adipose tissue. Increase the catabolism of protein and the increase nitrogen wastes place an additional burden upon the kidney (as blood urea pool is depended upon as a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of the non essential amino acids).
Increase the excretion of sodium and potassium. Modifies the motility the GIT. In some infections motility is reduced and nausea and vomiting may seriously interfere with the intake of food. In other infections, the motility is increased and diarrhoea interferes with the absorption of nutrients.
Management
i. Cold baths or cold ice pack
ii. Antipyretic drugs
iii. Antibiotic course after reducing the temperature
Diet
• Energy: The calorie requirement may be increased as much as 50 per cent if the temperature is high and the tissue destruction is great. It should be fed additional energy @ 7 kcal/kg body weight for each degree above the normal body temperature.
• Protein: Requirement of protein is also increased due to the increased catabolism and regeneration.
• Carbohydrate: Glycogen stores are replenished by a liberal intake of Carbohydrates. Sugar like glucose and cane sugar may be used. Glucose is also less sweet than some other sugars and consequently more of it can be used.
• Fats: The energy intake may be rapidly increased through the judicious use of fats.
• Minerals: Insufficient intake of sodium chloride is accomplished by the use of salty soups and by liberal sprinklings of salt on food. Foods are a good source of potassium, but a limited food intake might result in potassium depletion whenever fever is high and prolonged.
• Vitamins: Fevers apparently increase the requirements of Vit. A and ascorbic acid. Oral therapy with antibiotics and drugs may interfere with intestinal synthesis of some B-complex vitamins by Intestinal bacteria. Thus, necessitating a prescription for vitamin supplements.
Dr. Ebibeni Ngullie,
SMS, Animal Science, KVK, Dimapur
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region
Fever increased the need of calorie since for every degree rise in body temperature there is an increase in the metabolic rate. Also decreases glycogen stores and decreased stores of adipose tissue. Increase the catabolism of protein and the increase nitrogen wastes place an additional burden upon the kidney (as blood urea pool is depended upon as a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of the non essential amino acids).
Increase the excretion of sodium and potassium. Modifies the motility the GIT. In some infections motility is reduced and nausea and vomiting may seriously interfere with the intake of food. In other infections, the motility is increased and diarrhoea interferes with the absorption of nutrients.
Management
i. Cold baths or cold ice pack
ii. Antipyretic drugs
iii. Antibiotic course after reducing the temperature
Diet
• Energy: The calorie requirement may be increased as much as 50 per cent if the temperature is high and the tissue destruction is great. It should be fed additional energy @ 7 kcal/kg body weight for each degree above the normal body temperature.
• Protein: Requirement of protein is also increased due to the increased catabolism and regeneration.
• Carbohydrate: Glycogen stores are replenished by a liberal intake of Carbohydrates. Sugar like glucose and cane sugar may be used. Glucose is also less sweet than some other sugars and consequently more of it can be used.
• Fats: The energy intake may be rapidly increased through the judicious use of fats.
• Minerals: Insufficient intake of sodium chloride is accomplished by the use of salty soups and by liberal sprinklings of salt on food. Foods are a good source of potassium, but a limited food intake might result in potassium depletion whenever fever is high and prolonged.
• Vitamins: Fevers apparently increase the requirements of Vit. A and ascorbic acid. Oral therapy with antibiotics and drugs may interfere with intestinal synthesis of some B-complex vitamins by Intestinal bacteria. Thus, necessitating a prescription for vitamin supplements.
Dr. Ebibeni Ngullie,
SMS, Animal Science, KVK, Dimapur
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region
